The Psych Files

Category: Cognition & Learning

  • “I’m Getting Old” — And That Thought Might Be Killing You

    “I’m Getting Old” — And That Thought Might Be Killing You

    Do you catch yourself saying “I’m getting old” more than you’d like to admit? Turns out, that habit might be doing more damage than you think. Psychologist Becca Levy of Yale has spent decades studying how our aging mindset — the beliefs we hold about what getting older actually means — shapes how we physically and cognitively age. In a study following more than 11,000 older Americans over twelve years, nearly half showed improvement in either cognitive or physical function, a story that gets completely buried when you only look at averages. Her earlier research found that people with a positive aging mindset lived 7.5 years longer on average than those with negative views — a bigger effect than the difference between having high or normal cholesterol. The mechanism behind this is a process called stereotype embodiment: the cultural messages we absorb about old age become self-fulfilling prophecies through three pathways — psychological, behavioral, and physiological. That last one involves chronic stress and elevated cortisol levels that, over time, actually shrink the hippocampus and accelerate biological aging. I also look at Ellen Langer’s famous Counterclockwise study, one of psychology’s most striking demonstrations of the mind-body connection, and what the concept of neuroplasticity tells us about our capacity for growth at any age. Plus, I talk honestly about my own complicated feelings about getting older — and what the research suggests we can actually do about them.

    References

  • Levels of Processing Activity

    Levels of Processing Activity

    Levels of Processing: An Online Memory Activity

    Levels of Processing

    An Activity On How Your Memory Works

    You Are About to Run a Memory Study on Yourself

    Actors who memorize scripts don’t succeed by repeating lines over and over. Research shows they do something different: they focus on meaning. The deeper they process a line — understanding motivation, emotion, and context — the better it sticks.

    Psychologist Fergus Craik called this levels of processing. Shallow processing (noticing appearance) leads to weak memories. Deep processing (thinking about meaning) leads to strong ones.

    ⚠️ Important: You will see 8 words, one at a time. For each word, answer a simple question — yes or no. You are not being asked to memorize anything. Just answer the question honestly.

    After all 8 words, there will be a recall test. You’ll try to write down as many words as you can remember.

    Word 1 of 8

    Surprise Recall Test

    Without looking back, type as many of the 8 words as you can remember. Spelling counts — type carefully.

    Your Results

    Here’s what your memory activity reveals

    Shallow
    —
    out of 3 words
    Moderate
    —
    out of 2 words
    Deep
    —
    out of 3 words

    Recall by Processing Depth

    Shallow
    Moderate
    Deep

    The Psychology Behind What Just Happened

    The actor Michael Caine described this same process when he said that the best performance comes from listening to other actors rather than mentally rehearsing your next line. An actor focused on meaning is doing deep processing in real time — and that is exactly why the lines are there when needed.

    When you answered questions about meaning (does this word fit a sentence?), you built richer, more connected memory traces. Those connections became retrieval cues. Shallow questions left far fewer hooks in memory.

    All 8 Words